Cómo Dominar la Fotografía Digital

Índice

Introducción ························································································01
¿Serán necesarios nuevos conocimientos
para el dominio de la fotografía digital? ·······················································05
Fotografía analógica ·······················································································05
El negativo fotográfico ····················································································06
Película de color ·······························································································08
La diapositiva fotográfica ···············································································08
Escáneres de película ·····················································································09
La fotografía digital y sus medios ·································································10
Comprobación instantánea ············································································12
Reproducir los archivos en papel ··································································12
Ventajas de la fotografía digital ·····································································13
Algunas «desventajas» de la fotografía digital ············································13
Formatos de archivo de la imagen digital ····················································15
Compresión sin pérdidas ················································································16
Partes de la cámara fotográfica digital ················································19
El sensor ···········································································································20
El visor ···············································································································24
El objetivo ·········································································································28
El diafragma ·····································································································35
El obturador ······································································································38
Los botones y diales de control ·····································································40
La pantalla trasera ···························································································41
Medios de almacenamiento ··········································································43
Conexión wifi ····································································································45
El vídeo ··············································································································48
Cómo sostener bien la cámara ····························································57
Cómo sujetar correctamente la cámara
y decir adiós a las fotos movidas ··································································58
¿Disparar en manual o automático? ·····················································65
Modos manuales y automáticos ···································································66
Disparar en manual: ¿sí o no? ········································································67
Una buena reflexión ························································································71
La cámara no hace al fotógrafo ····································································71
Encuadrar la escena correctamente ·····················································75
¿Qué es el «encuadre de una fotografía»? ···················································76
La dinámica del encuadre ··············································································77
Tipos de encuadre ···························································································77
Recursos útiles para aprender
a resaltar la fotografía ·····················································································80
El enfoque (manual y automático) ·······················································85
¿Cómo enfocar en fotografía? ·······································································86
En manual y en automático ···········································································87
Puntos de enfoque en fotografía ···································································88
Los diferentes puntos de enfoque
en fotografía ·····································································································89
Modos de área de autoenfoque ····································································90
Modos de enfoque de la cámara ···································································91
Cómo enfocar en fotografía ···········································································91
Conclusión ········································································································96
La exposición en fotografía y sus ajustes ············································99
Cómo comprender la «exposición» en fotografía ·····································100
El valor de exposición ···················································································102
El equilibrio en la exposición ········································································104
Cómo medir la exposición en fotografía: el fotómetro ·····························107
Modos de medición de la exposición ·························································108
La compensación de exposición ·································································109
De lo que hemos aprendido ·········································································111
El color de la luz ················································································113
De dónde viene el color de los objetos ·······················································114
Sensor y procesador ·····················································································119
Tipos de cámara y sus sistemas asociados ·······································123
Tipos de cámaras fotográficas ····································································124
Cámaras digitales compactas ·····································································124
Las cámaras compactas digitales de gama alta ······································126
Cámaras bridge ······························································································127
Cámaras réflex o dslr digitales ····································································130
Cámaras profesionales ·················································································132
Cámaras sin espejo (mirrorless) ··································································136
Cámaras de medio formato ·········································································140
Cámaras de acción ·······················································································145
Cámaras instantáneas ··················································································148
Sistemas de cámaras y tamaño del sensor ··············································150
Full frame ········································································································155
Objetivos fijos, objetivos intercambiables ··········································161
Gran angular ···································································································163
Teleobjetivo ····································································································164
Objetivos zoom ······························································································165
Objetivos especiales ·····················································································167
Consejos ·········································································································170
Controlar la iluminación ····································································173
Controlar la iluminación ················································································174
Arte fotográfico ·················································································187
Introducción ···································································································188
Medios de almacenamiento ·······························································219
Introducción y contexto ················································································220
Retoque básico de fotografías ···························································227
Introducción ···································································································228
Ajustes ············································································································233
Retoque avanzado de fotografías ······················································285
Introducción ···································································································286
Definir el color frontal y de fondo ································································287
Herramientas ·································································································290
Dibujo de formas ···························································································294
Capas ··············································································································296
Usar las reglas, las guías y las cuadrículas ················································298
Retoques ·········································································································303
Luz para enfocar: la iluminación desenfocada ··········································312
Aplicar color a objetos en blanco y negro ··················································315
Añadir movimiento ························································································318
Enfocar el centro de una imagen
o desenfocar el entorno ················································································320
Solucionar el efecto keystoning ···································································324
Cambiar el color en partes concretas de una imagen ·····························325
Cambiar el cielo de una imagen ··································································329
Fotos panorámicas ·······················································································334
Fusionar imágenes ························································································339
Complementos
y accesorios ······················································································345
¿Qué son los «complementos y accesorios fotográficos»? ····················346
Fotografiar con smartphones ······································································361
¿Qué nos impulsa a tomar fotografías con un smartphone? ··················362
Unos apuntes y sugerencias ········································································365
Las redes sociales: cómo imprimir nuestras fotografías ····················371
¿Qué son las «redes sociales»? ···································································372
La importancia de la imagen en las redes sociales ··································376
Cómo imprimir nuestras fotografías ··························································377
Preparar las fotos para imprimir ·································································381

Comments